The State of Tamil Nadu challenged the Madras High Court's decision which struck down Part II of the Tamil Nadu Gaming and Police Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021 and certain provisions of the Tamil Nadu Prohibition of Online Gambling and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2022/2023. The High Court had held that 'betting' under Entry 34, List II of the Seventh Schedule cannot be divorced from 'gambling', and had struck down the inclusion of rummy and poker as prohibited games of chance. The Supreme Court took up these appeals along with connected Karnataka matters to examine the constitutional validity of state legislation banning online wagering and betting, including on games of skill played with stakes, and to determine the scope of legislative competence under Entry 34 List II and Entry 1 List II (public order) of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India.