Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC challenged before the Supreme Court of India the order of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) dated 13.06.2022, which had largely upheld the Competition Commission of India's (CCI) order dated 17.12.2021. The CCI had found that Amazon failed to fully disclose the true structure and inter-connected arrangements of its combination (acquisition) when filing its notice under Section 6(2) of the Competition Act, 2002, and consequently kept in abeyance the earlier approval granted under Section 31(1) on 28.11.2019, directed Amazon to file a fresh notice in Form II, and imposed monetary penalties under Sections 43A, 44, and 45 of the Act. The NCLAT affirmed the CCI's principal conclusions but modified the quantum of penalties under Sections 44 and 45. The Supreme Court examined the scope of disclosure obligations in merger control, the statutory limits of the CCI's powers after granting approval, and the legality of the consequences imposed, emphasising that the CCI's authority must be traced strictly to the Act and exercised within its prescribed limits, including requirements of materiality, the prescribed mental element, and procedural safeguards.